Introduction to the Marxist critique of political economy. Clara. 3.

An excerpt from The Capital Volume 1, on the process of surplus value creation: here Marx elaborates in detail how the production process in capitalism is simultaneously a production of use-values, of value and of surplus value. It elaborates several important basic concepts and basic mechanisms (use-value vs. value, labor power and its value, lengthening labor hours to achieve surplus-value creation, socially necessary labor, etc.). In addition, Marx illustrates this logic by means of a concrete example, occasionally putting himself (in his usual ironic, humorous way) in the capitalist's shoes. [1]

An excerpt from Mandel's Marxist Economic Theory, the beginning of the chapter on periodic crises: in this excerpt, Mandel points out the difference between pre-capitalist and capitalist crises, explains what creates the possibility of overproduction crises in capitalism, and also briefly elaborates their general course. The vocabulary in this section is not that easy. I hope that after the presentation it will be easier to better understand this text excerpt. [2]