View source for Gender and sexual oppression and liberation

Prerequisite: Comment to the Privilege Walk.

Comments on the Privilege Walk. Intersectionality

WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS FIGHTING FOR GENDER AND SEXUAL LIBERATION

I. A Marxist analysis of women's oppression 

What are we learning from our classics? Marx and Engels "Origin of the family, private property and the State" - Dialectical and not cultural or psychological<br> material analysis of gender difference - sexual division of labour - importance of reproduction - an intuition on the family<br> 
Concepts that will be taken up and updated by femsoc in the 1970s and by the current TRS<br> 
Origin of the oppression of women<br> 
Societies analysed in written history, all patriarchal, of different forms in combination with the mode of production<br>
Examining other pre-historic societies: discussion among anthropologists and archaeologists on the interpretation of resources<br>
Consensus on the existence of nomadic communities, gatherers and harvesters, more egalitarian, before the Neolithic and the existence of private property<br> 
Analysis of pre-colonial societies gives us clues, not certainty<br>
Conclusion. Gender relations are not a fixed and eternal fact but vary according to history, environment and production methods<br>


II. Sex, gender, family, violence<br> 
1. Gender identity is socially constructed<br> 
2. The family<br> 
The family changes in time and space -> we can imagine another Role of the family in capitalism:<br> 
- economic : daily and generational reproduction of the labour force, consumption of goods<br> 
- social : refuge, damping of tensions caused by exploitation and alienation<br> 
- but contradictory - ideological and psychological :<br> 
gender, discipline, status quo certification ---→ to obtain this : gender violence against women and dissenting sexual identities<br>

III. New feminist movement and its antecedents<br> 
Women have always struggled in popular movements<br> 
We speak of feminism when they struggle with a gender consciousness<br> 
We speak of a wave when the mass of women is concerned and a large part is mobilized with strong effects in society<br> 
1. First wave - in Europe - in the colonized countries struggles for legal equality, suffrage, access to education and employment<br> 
2. Second wave - the staff is political - role of psychoanalysis - sexual liberation of women and LGBTQ subjects - symbol construction and androcentrism<br> 
3. Today Third wave - departs from the peripheral countries<br> 
- independently of other social opposition movements (not in the wake of...)<br> 
- in a context of multiple crises: economic and financial, social, environmental, reproductive,... where women, having conquered rights and freedoms in the 20th century have the most to lose<br> 
Feminization of social movements - relationship between the two<br>

- Characteristics of the 3rd wave:<br> 
new generation, political movement, intersectional, importance of LGBTQI issues, centrality of the issue of macho violence, structural.<br> 
theoretical reference to the TRS and constructivist eco-feminism.<br> 
appropriation and transformation of the traditional workers' movement's tools of struggle: the feminist strike, the spaces of mutual aid and new mutualism, social reproduction as an issue of class struggle.<br>


* Excerpts from [['''Friedrich Engels''', Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State]] 

* '''Adrienne Rich''' [[Criticism of heterosexuality]]<br>

Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) - poet and radical feminist<br>
Her first book on feminist issues was: '''Of Women born; Motherhood as Experience and Institution'''(1976)<br>
This text is an extract from the essay '''Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence''' published as an essay in 1980 <br>
and republished in her book '''Blood, Bread and Poetry''' (1986).

* [http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article2407 What is ecofeminism? Interview with Yayo Herrero]

* [https://4edu.info/images/d/d3/Kumari_Jayawardena.pdf Extract from: Kumari Jayawardena: 'Feminism and nationalism in the third world', chapter 4: Women's struggles and "emancipation from above" in Iran]

* [https://4edu.info/images/f/f9/Tithi_Bhattacharya.pdf Extracts: Tithi Bhattacharya, "Introduction: Mapping SRT" in Social Reproduction Theory & "How not to skip class: social reproduction of labor and the global working class".]